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Cumberland snubnose darter
The Cumberland snubnose darter (''Etheostoma atripinne'') is a small, perciform fish found it the middle Cumberland River drainage in Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. It is absent in reaches above the Big South Fork, rare in North Carolina, and absent in western tributaries of the Tennessee River.〔Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.〕 While research on the ecology of ''E. atripinne'' is not extensive, what is known is they are usually found in small to medium freshwater streams in gravel riffle areas where their eggs can attach to the substrate and be left unguarded. ''E. atripinne'' can be found within a wide range of depths in its environment, leading its being classified as benthopelagic. While its global status is secure, the American Fisheries Society labels it with a status of “Special Concern”.〔〔NatureServe. 2008. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life (application ). Version 7.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at http://www.tnfish.org/SpeciesFishInformation_TWRA/Research/SnubnoseDarterEtheostomaSimoterum_NatureServeExplorer.pdf. (Accessed: November 18, 2012).〕
==Distribution==
As is the case with many other species of darters, the geographic distribution of ''E. atripinne'' is quite narrow and localized. The species is most often found in the middle Cumberland River drainage.〔NatureServe. 2008. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life (application ). Version 7.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at http://www.tnfish.org/SpeciesFishInformation_TWRA/Research/SnubnoseDarterEtheostomaSimoterum_NatureServeExplorer.pdf. (Accessed: November 18, 2012).〕 While ''E. atripinne'' has been found in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, these are generally interpreted as the furthest reaches of the distribution given observations of low densities. It is not found above the Big South Fork River nor in the western tributaries of the Tennessee River, although ''E. s. atripinne'' was historically found in the Little South Fork of the Cumberland River.〔Etnier, D., W. Starnes. 1993. The Fishes of Tennessee. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.〕
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